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The beginnings of industrialism in Britain, France, Germany and, later, in Russia, China and Japan were harsh and cruel in the highest degree. Paradoxically, every “labour-saving” device increased the hours of labour, and diminished the wages paid for that labour. These unfortunate results were due everywhere to the uneven distribution of power. They are to be seen at their worst now in Communist countries, where power is more completely concentrated in the hands of a small minority than it is anywhere else. There is only one cure for these evils, and that is the more equal distribution of power throughout the whole community.
Source: Bertrand Russell: Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, part II: The Conflict of Passions, chapter 3: Forethought and Skill, n.15
More info.： https://russell-j.com/cool/47T-2_0315.htm
＜寸言＞
権力を持っている人間は必ずと言ってよいほど不当な権力の行使をこっそりと（時には堂々と）します。
社会や国家がなにか大きな問題を抱えていると、自分が支持する者に大きな権力を与えて、一気に問題を解決したいと思う人々が多数でてきます。しかし、特定の人間に例外的な権力を与えることは、そういった権力者の支持者にとってはよいかもしれないですが、支持しない者にとっては大きな不幸の原因になりえます。
国民一人一人が自分の頭で考える必要がありますが、残念ながら「考える手間や努力」を減らしてくれる人に期待する国民がけっこうおり、困ったものです。
People in power are invariably willing to exercise unjustified power secretly (and sometimes brazenly). When society or the state has a major problem, many people want to solve the problem at once by giving more power to those they support. However, giving exceptional power to certain people may be good for the supporters of those in power, but it can be a cause of great misery for those who do not support them. Unfortunately, there are quite a few citizens who expect people to reduce their ‘thinking and effort’, which is a problem.
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