バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』13-05- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第13章:倫理的制裁 n.5 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 13: Ethical Sanctions, n.5 | |||
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Religious sanctions, although in theory they may seem adequate, have not been found so in practice. Prudence is about as difficult as any other virtue, and it is to prudence, as we have seen, that Locke appeals. In the Ages of Faith, when men really believed that mortal sin, not followed by absolution, would lead to Hell, murder and rape were much commoner than they are in the Western World at the present day, as anybody may see by reading any mediaeval chronicle. Men who are fierce and impulsive will, under the influence of passion, behave in imprudent ways, however obvious the imprudence might be to them in calmer moments. Modern theologians, by softening the dogma of Eternal Damnation, have very much diminished the force of the old sanctions; and even those who still accept them know that there are ways of circumventing them. I once in a train got into conversation with an Irish-American politician, a man of exemplary devoutness and a good son of the Church. He assured me, with increasing fervour as he drank his whisky, that he had the greatest affection for his wife and children, but never neglected opportunities for surreptitious fornication, for which, in due course, he would obtain absolution. No one can deny that such cases are extremely common. It would seem therefore that the old sanctions are largely ineffective even in the matters on which they lay most stress. |