バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』8-7 - Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第8章:倫理学上の論争 n.7 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 8: Ethical Controversy , n.7 | |||
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Apart from arguments as to the sensibilities of slaves, there are two grounds on which slavery may be defended: (1) that it is essential to civilization; (2) that slaves don’t count, i.e. that they are mere means, and their experiences are neither good nor bad. Of these only the second involves an argument as to ends. The first has a measure of truth, and in the past had much more. The Egyptian and Babylonian priests who developed writing and the rudiments of mathematics and astronomy obtained their leisure by the employment of slaves, and in those days, when one man's labour produced only a little more than the necessaries required to keep him and his children alive, there would have been no leisure if there had not been privileged classes and classes condemned to servile toil. The young men in Plato’s dialogues show a devotion to philosophy which depends upon financial security and a smoothly running household of slaves. Lord Melbomne, whose conversation at Holland House, as recorded by Greville, is still fascinating in its breadth of culture, and who endured with such civilized fortitude the Byronic extravagances of his wife, derived the income which made his merits possible from the torture of children in coal mines. We must therefore admit that slavery and social injustice have, in the past, served a useful purpose in the development of civilization. I shall not consider how far this is still the case as I do not wish to embark upon political controversy. |