私が優等試験を終えた頃,アリスは,私と婚約することにはっきりと同意した。ここにいたって,反対の態度を決して変えなかった家族も,何か根本的な対策をとらなければならないと感じ始めた。彼らは私の行動をコントロールする力はなく,また,彼女(アリス)の性格に対する非難も当然何らの効果をもあげないままであった。
それゆえ私たちは,結婚するが子供はもたないつもりだと告げた。産児制限は,その当時,一種の恐怖感 --そのような恐怖感は,今日ではローマン・カトリックだけがあおりたてているだけであるが-- をもってみられていた。家族やかかりつけの医者の,怒りは頂点に達した。かかりつけの医者は,厳然として,彼の医学上の経験から,避妊薬を用いるとほとんどの場合,健康をひどく害するということがわかっていると,確約した。家族は,私の父が'てんかん'になったのは避妊薬の使用のせいであると,ほのめかした。ため息,涙,うめき声,病的な恐怖といった重苦しい雰囲気につつまれ,そのなかで,ほとんど息つくことができないほどであった。父が'てんかん'であったこと,叔母が妄想にとらわれたこと,叔父が発狂したことを発見し,恐怖にかられた。なぜなら当時は誰もが迷信にとらわれ,精神病は遺伝するものと見なしていたからである。私も,確かな知識はもっていなかったが,多分そういうものだろうという感覚をもっていた。1894年7月21日(夜)(あとでこの日がアリスの誕生日であるということがわかった)(松下注:Unwin Paperbadks 版の原書は,1893年と誤植あり)母は死んでいるのではなくて発狂しているのを発見し,それゆえ,結婚しないことが私の義務であると感じた夢を見た。様々の事実が私に語られてからは,次に引用する回想にもあらわれている通り,恐怖を払いのけることはとても難しかった。これについては,よほど後になるまで,誰にも--アリスにさえ--知らせなかった。 |
Nevertheless, they found a weapon which very nearly gave them the victory. The old family doctor, a serious Scotsman with mutton-chop whiskers, began to tell me all the things that I had dimly suspected about my family history: how my Uncle William was mad, how my Aunt Agatha's engagement had had to be broken off because of her insane delusions, and how my father had suffered from epilepsy (from what medical authorities have told me since, I doubt whether this was a correct diagnosis). In those days, people who considered themselves scientific tended to have a somewhat superstitious attitude towards heredity, and of course it was not known how many mental disorders are the result of bad environment and unwise moral instruction. I began to feel as if I was doomed to a dark destiny. I read Ibsen's Ghosts and Bjorson's Heritage of the Kurts. Alys had an uncle who was rather queer. By emphasising these facts until they rendered me nearly insane, my people persuaded us to take the best medical opinion as to whether, if we were married, our children were likely to be mad. The best medical opinion, primed by the family doctor, who was primed by the family, duly pronounced that from the point of view of heredity we ought not to have children. After receiving this verdict in the house of the family doctor at Richmond, Alys and I walked up and down Richmond Green discussing it. I was for breaking off the engagement, as I believed what the doctors said and greatly desired children. Alys said she had no great wish for children, and would prefer to marry, while avoiding a family. Afiter about half an hour's discussion, I came round to her point of view. We therefore announced that we intended to marry, but to have no children. Birth control was viewed in those days with the sort of horror which it now inspires only in Roman Catholics. My people and the family doctor tore their hair. The family doctor solemnly assured me that, as a result of his medical experience, he knew the use of contraceptives to be almost invariably gravely injurious to health. My people hinted that it was the use of contraceptives which had made my father epileptic. A thick atmosphere of sighs, tears, groans, and morbid horror was produced, in which it was scarcely possible to breathe. The discovery that my father had been epileptic, my aunt subject to delusions, and my uncle insane, caused me terror, for in those days everybody viewed the inheritance of mental disorders superstitiously. I had sensed something of the kind, though without definite knowledge. On July 21, |