バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』第2部[「情熱の葛藤」- 第2章- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, Part II, chapter 4
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第2部「情熱の葛藤」- 第4章「神話と魔力」n.9 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, part II: The Conflict of Passions, chapter 4: Myth and Magic, n.9 | |||
もしあなたが私に |
The history of man has shown at most times and in most places an irrational fear of happiness, which has been a cause of an immeasurable load of unnecessary misery. It would, I think, be shallow to regard this aversion from happiness as applying only to the happiness of others. There is deep in most human nature a feeling that one's own happiness is dangerous. Ascetic impulses have very deep roots. The Greeks dreaded Nemesis and felt that hubris would be punished. Most of us are afraid to boast of good health or good fortune from a superstitious feeling that to do so will bring bad luck. This feeling survives in us as a feeling, even though we may be firmly persuaded that it has no justification. But in civilized modern men this is no more than a pale ghost of the passion for self-abasement that has seized upon various communities at earlier times. In the Christian world and also in India, asceticism has been the mark of a saint, and the highest degree of holiness has been reserved to celibates. The things that men have thought pleasing to the gods throw a strange light upon their own emotions. Why should Moloch have rejoiced in the sacrifice of children? I think a part of the explanation must be that happiness was thought wicked, and a savage god seemed to rationalize this feeling. Another part of the explanation of this and other religious sacrifices is that people supposed the god must value what they considered precious, and that in giving up their most precious possessions to him they would be giving him conclusive proof of their devotion. The same sentiment, though in a less cruel form, became part of Christian piety, as exemplified, for instance, in the hymn: If Thou shouldst call me to resign |