バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』第2部[「情熱の葛藤」- 第2章- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, Part II, chapter 2
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第2部「情熱の葛藤」- 第2章「政治的に重要な欲望」n.1 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, part II: The Conflict of Passions, chapter 2: Politically important desires, n.1 | |||
【訳注:UNOはゲームのことではなく、国際連合(機構)のことです。以下のウィキペディアの記述を参考にしてください。 「国際連合の設立に尽力したルーズベルト大統領は、サンフランシスコ会議開幕直前である1945年4月12日に死去した。会議では、「United Nations」という英語は複数形であり国際機構を意味するものとしては不適当ではないかとの意見もあったが、彼に対する敬意を表してこの名称を採用することが合意された。しばらくは文法上の理由からUnited Nations Organization(UNO)という名称も使われたが、次第に使われなくなった。」 政治が科学的なものになり、出来事が常に驚きに満ちたものにならないためには、政治的思考が人間の行動の源泉により深く入り込むことが不可欠である。飢餓がスローガンに与える影響とは何か。スローガンの有効性は、食事のカロリーによってどのように変化するのか。ある人が民主主義を提案し、別の人が一袋の穀物を差し出したとしたら、飢餓のどの段階で穀物の方を選ぶだろうか。このような疑問は、あまりにも考慮されていない。けれども、今は韓国人のことは忘れて、人類のことを考えてみよう。】 |
I will begin the discussion of political theory with this subject because I think that most current discussions of politics and political theory take insufficient account of psychology. Economic facts, population statistics, constitutional organization, and so on, are set forth minutely. There is no difficulty in finding out how many South Koreans and how many North Koreans there were when the Korean War began. If you will look into the right books you will be able to ascertain what was their average income per head, and what were the sizes of their respective armies. But if you want to know what sort of person a Korean is, and whether there is any appreciable difference between a North Korean and a South Korean; if you wish to know what they respectively want out of life, what are their discontents, what their hopes and what their fears; in a word, what it is that, as they say, “makes them tick”, you will look through the reference books in vain. And so you cannot tell whether the South Koreans are enthusiastic about UNO, or would prefer union with their cousins in the North. Nor can you guess whether they are willing to forgo land reform for the privilege of voting for some politician they have never heard of. It is neglect of such questions by the eminent men who sit in remote capitals, that so frequently causes disappointment. If politics is to become scientific, and if the event is not to be constantly surprising, it is imperative that our political thinking should penetrate more deeply into the springs of human action. What is the influence of hunger upon slogans.'’ How does their effectiveness fluctuate with the number of calorics in your diet? If one man offers you democracy and another offers you a bag of grain, at what stage of starvation will you prefer the grain to the vote? Such questions are far too little considered. However, let us, for the present, forget the Koreans, and consider the human race. |