バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第6章:道徳的義務 n.15 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 6: Moral obligation, n.15 | |||
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"Conscience", to which we must now return, may, I think, be defined as praise and blame directed towards oneself in respect of some contemplated act. In most people this is a reflection of the praise and blame that will be bestowed by their community, but in some, owing to emotional or intellectual peculiarities, it has a more individual quality. A man who has an exceptional dislike to the infliction of pain may become an anti-vivisectionist and an opponent of capital punishment. A man who has an exceptional respect for the Gospels may refuse to take an oath. Mormons think it wicked to smoke, because their sacred book forbids the use of tobacco. Tolstoy and Gandhi, in later life, considered sex wicked even in marriage; I do not know their exact reasons, but I suspect them of being similar to those set forth for a slightly different thesis by St. Augustine in flie City of God. In such ways a man’s standards of praise and blame may differ from those of his neighbours, and if he is a “conscientious” man he will follow his own standards rather than theirs. |