バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
『ヒューマン・ソサエティ』第5章:部分的善と一般的善 n.12 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 5: Partial and General Goods, n.12 | |||
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The first view, which may be called that of enlightened imperialism, presupposes a doctrine that some states of society are better than others, even if large groups of mankind do not think so. Those who adopt this view will say that it is better to be civilized than savage, or Christian than pagan, or monogamous than polygamous, or industrious than lazy, or what not. The Greeks considered their way of life better than that of the barbarians, and after Alexander this belief took an imperialistic form. Antiochus vainly endeavoured to make the Jews eat pork and take to athletics, but in general, throughout the Near East, the Greek way of life commended itself to the conquered populations, at any rate in the cities. The Romans inherited this Hellenistic outlook in their successful civilizing of the West. Later, Christians and Mohammedans took a similar view of the importance of their respective religions. The British in India regarded themselves unquestioningly as a civilizing influence: Macaulay had no doubt that it was our beneficent mission to bring our literature, our law, and our philosophy to the help of the backward nation for which Providence had made us responsible. |