バートランド・ラッセル『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』- Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954
* 原著:Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954* 邦訳書:バートランド・ラッセル(著),勝部真長・長谷川鑛平(共訳)『ヒューマン・ソサエティ-倫理学から政治学へ』(玉川大学出版部,1981年7月刊。268+x pp.)
第4章:善(善い)と悪(悪い) n.9 |
Human Society in Ethics and Politics, 1954, chapter 4: Good and Bad, n.9 | |||
しかし、今や、このような散漫な考察は終わりにして、目の前の問題にもっと密接に取り組むべき時である。
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But it is now time to end these discursive observations and address ourselves more closely to the matter in hand. It is clear, I think, that if we had no desires we should never have thought of the antithesis of good and bad. We feel pain and wish to be rid of it ; we feel pleasure and wish to prolong it. We are irked by restraints on our freedom, and glad when our movements are unrestrained. Food and drink and love, when they are lacking, are desired with passionate intensity. If we were indifferent to what happens to us, we should not believe in the dualisms of good and bad, right and wrong, praiseworthy and blameworthy, and we should have no difficulty in submitting to our fate, whatever it might be. In an inanimate world there would be nothing either good or bad. I infer that the definition of "good" must bring in desire. I suggest that an occurrence is "good" when it satisfies desire, or, more precisely, that we may define “good” as “satisfaction of desire”. One occurrence is "better" than another if it satisfies more desires or a more intense desire. I do not pretend that this is the only possible definition of "good", but only that its consequences will be found more consonant with the ethical feelings of the majority of mankind than those of any other theoretically defensible definition. |