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(本書を出版した1940年のラッセル:From R. Clark's The Life of B. Russell, 1975.) 読者がただちに看取されるであろうように,私は方法論的には,現在のどの学派にもまして,論理実証主義に共感するものである。ただし,この学派に比して私の方がバークリーとヒュームの業績を重視するところが異なっている。すなわち,本書の内容は,現代論理学の生み出した方法に,ヒューム的展望を組み合わせることによってできたものと言えよう。 バートランド・ラッセル |
This book has developed gradually over a period of years, culminating in a series of academic appointments. In 1938 I treated part of the subject in a course of lectures on 'Language and Fact' at the University of Oxford. These lectures formed the basis for seminar courses at the University of Chicago in 1938-1939 and the University of California at Los Angeles in 193--1940. The discussions at the two seminars did much to widen my conception of the problems involved and to diminish the emphasis which I originally placed on the linguistic aspects of the subject. I have to express a collective obligation to those, both Professors and pupils, who, by detailed friendly criticism, helped (I hope) in the avoidance of errors and fallacies. More especially at Chicago, where the seminar was often attended by Professors Carnap and Morris, and where some of the graduate showed great philosophic ability, the discussions were models of fruitful argumentative cooperation. Mr. Norman Dalkey, who attended both seminars, has since read the whole book in manuscript, and I am greatly indebted to him for his careful and stimulating criticism. Finally, during the summer of 1940, I prepared these William James Lectures partly from accumulated material, and partly from a re-consideration of the whole subject. As will be evident to the reader, I am, as regards method, more in sympathy with the logical positivists than with any other existing school. I differ from them, however, in attaching more importance than they do to the work of Berkeley and Hume. The book results from an attempt to combine a general outlook akin to Hume's with the methods that have grown out of modern logic. |