バートランド・ラッセル「科学者の社会的責任」
* 原著: Fact and Fiction, 1961, Part IV, chap.3* 出典:牧野力(編)『ラッセル思想辞典』
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科学者の社会的使命は'知識を与えること'にあり、その'知識を如何に使うかの問題'に関わり合う必要はない、と考える人々がいる。しかし、私はそうは思わない。
科学者もまた市民であり、特別な技術をもつ市民は、その技術が'公共の利益'にそって利用されるようにできるだけ努める義務を負う。歴史的にみて、公共生活における科学者の使命は一般に認められている。・・・しかし、科学者は人道主義的見解の味方もしたが、最初から戦争と不吉で密接な結びつきをもっていた。
(Men of science have differed as to their responsibility for such effects. Some have said that the function of the scientist in society is to supply knowledge, and that he need not concern himself with the use to which this knowledge is put. I do not think that this view is tenable, especially in our age. The scientist is also a citizen; and citizens do have any special skill have a public duty to see, as far as they can, that their skill is utilized in accordance with the public interest. Historically, the functions of the scientist in public life have generally been recognized.) But although science has, in various ways at various times, favoured what may be called a humanitarian outlook, it has from the first had an intimate and sinister connection with war.
(現代において、特に科学者の社会的責任を強調せざるをえなくなった。)
近代的民主主義と近代的な公開の手段とは、世論を動かす問題を従前のものと全く違ったものにしてしまった。大衆の抱く知識は、組織の巨大で強力な力に左右され、・・・、また政府の考え如何で当然一般大衆に知られるべき知識が知られないままになってしまう。
( Modern democracy and modern methods of publicity have made the problem of affecting public opinion quite different from what it used to be. The knowledge that the public possesses on any important issue is derived from vast and powerfu organizations: the press, radio, and, above all, television. The knowledge that governments possess is more limited. They are too busy to search out the facts for themselves, and consequently they know only what their underlings think good for them unless there is such a powerful movement in a different sense that politicians cannot ignore it. ...)
「死の商人」に成り下った科学者が述べる大衆をまどわせる言葉に対抗して、公正な科学者の発言がなければ、大衆ばかりでなく、政治家も歪められた知識に毒される。
(They ( = Men of science), alone, can speak with the authority that is necessary to combat the misleading statements of those scientists who have permitted themselves to become merchants of death. If disinterested scientists do not speak out, the others will succeed in conveying a distorted impression, not only to the public but also to the politicians.)
科学技術が設けた人類破滅への運命の坂をころがって行く現実を、科学者は理解せねばならない。最早、「自分の仕事は知識を与えることで、どう使うかは自分の責任ではない」と科学者が真面目に言うべきではない。許されなくなったのである。その理由は、彼の発見した知識や技術が、彼の眼には無関係か些細なものと思われても、悪用する者の手に渡り、人類破滅の危機にまで拡大され、彼をも巻き込むからである。彼こそ'事前に'その人類的危害の規模を縮小することができるのである。
( It is impossible in the modern world for a man of science to say with any honesty, 'My business is to provide knowledge, and what use is made of the knowledge is not my responsibility'. The knowledge that a man of science provides may fall into the hands of men or institutions devoted to utterly unworthy objects. I do not suggest that a man of science, or even a large body of men of science, can altogether prevent this, but they can diminish the magnitude of the evil.)
さらに、科学者が指導、努力する別な方向がある。彼の研究部門の中の重要かつ実際に有益な内容を多方面に伝え、主張する役割である。象牙の塔の生活は次第に不可能になってきた。科学者は社会的責任を自覚して、軍備競争への莫大な金を世界的食料生産へ、貧困と食糧不足の解消へ、自然かつ有効な人口抑制へと振り向けねばならない。
(There is another direction in which men of science can attempt to provide leadership. They can suggest and urge in many ways the value of those branches of science of which the important practical uses are beneficial and not harmful. Consider what might be done if the money at present spent on armaments were spent on increasing and distributing the food supply of the world and diminishing the population pressure.)
今日、大国の政治家は国民の生活安定よりも外国人を殺すのに金を浪費し、科学者は知らず知らずのうちにこれに手を貸している。科学者は政治家以上に、人類の平和実現の仕事に貢献できるのだから、その義務を自覚すべきである。 (But at present almost all the governments. of great states consider that it is better to spend money on killing foreigners than on keeping their own subjects alive. Possibilities of a hopeful sort in whatever field can best be worked out and stated authoritatively by men of science., and, since they can do this work better than others, it is part of their duty to do it.)
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