第15章 権力と道徳律, n.2 - 従順を教え込む権力道徳
権力道徳の最も明らかな例は,従順(服従)を教え込むこと(inculcation)である。従順(服従)は,子供が親に,妻が夫に,召使い(使用人)が主人に,臣民が王侯に,そして(宗教に関しては)俗人が聖職者(priests)に,従う義務である(というよりも,むしろ,義務であった)。また,かつての軍隊や修道会(religious orders)には,もっと特殊な形の服従の義務があった。これらの義務にはいずれも長い歴史があり,それらはそれぞれが関係する制度の歴史と並走しているのである(running parallel with)。 |
Chapter 15: Power and Moral Codes, n.2This aspect of positive morality, important as it is, is not the one with which I wish to deal. I wish to consider those aspects of accepted ethical codes in which they minister to power. One of the purposes - usually in large part unconscious - of a traditional morality is to make the existing social system work. It achieves this purpose, when it is successful, both more cheaply and more effectively than a police force does. But it is liable to be confronted with a revolutionary morality, inspired by the desire for a redistribution of power. I want, in this chapter, to consider, first, the effect of power on moral codes, and then the question whether some other basis can be found for morality.The most obvious example of power-morality is the inculcation of obedience. It is (or rather was) the duty of children to submit to parents, wives to husbands, servants to masters, subjects to princes, and (in religious matters) laymen to priests; there were also more specialized duties of obedience in armies and religious orders. Each of these duties has a long history, running parallel with that of the institution concerned. |