生徒の味方としての教師
既に正確さに関連して述べた理由で,私は,真に完全な教育を徹頭徹尾興味深いものにすることができるとは,私は信じない。ある科目をどれほど強く知りたいと思ったとしても,その中には退屈な部分を見いだすのは確実である。しかし,適切に指導すれば,少年や少女に,その退屈な部分を学ぶことの重要性を感じさせることができるし,また,強制しなくてもその部分を学習し終えることができる,と私は信じている。課題(set tasks)の出来不出来に応じて,褒めたり,たしなめたりするという刺激を利用したい。ゲームや体操の場合と同様に,生徒が必要な技能を身につけているかどうかを,あきらかにしなければならない。また,ある科目の退屈な部分の(学習の)重要性も,教師がはっきり説明してあげなければならない。もしも,これらの方法が全て失敗したならば,その子供は知能の劣った子供として類別され,普通の知能を持った子供(たち)とは分離して教えられなければならない。ただし,このことが罰だととられないように配慮しなければならない. |
Pt. 3: Intellectual education - Chap.14 General principlesIf this is possible, the advantages are immense. The teacher appears as the friend of the pupil, not as his enemy. The child learns faster because he is co-operating. He learns with less fatigue, because there is not the constant strain of bringing back a reluctant and bored attention. And his sense of personal initiative is cultivated instead of being diminished. On account of these advantages it seems worth while to assume that the pupil can be led to learn by the force of his own desires, without the exercise of compulsion by the teacher. If, in a small percentage of cases, the methods were found to be a failure, these cases could be isolated and instructed by different methods. But I believe that, given methods adapted to the child's intelligence, there would be very few failures.For reasons already given in connection with accuracy, I do not believe that a really thorough education can be made interesting through and through. However much one may wish to know subject, some parts of it are sure to be found dull. But I believe that, given suitable guidance, a boy or girl can be made to feel the importance of learning the dull parts, and can be got through them also without compulsion. I should use the stimulus of praise and blame, applied as the result of good or bad performance of set tasks. Whether a pupil possesses the necessary skill should be made as obvious as in games or gymnastics. And the importance of the dull parts of a subject should be made clear by the teacher. If all these methods failed, the child would have to be classified as stupid, and taught separately from children of normal intelligence, though care must be taken not to let this appear as a punishment. |
(掲載日:2015.06.29/更新日: )