第9章 「外界」 n.9 - 「その時点での」最良の仮説
点を事象の集合として構成するホワイトヘッドの方法は、私が上の理論に到達するためにとても大きな助けとなった。けれども、事象(というもの)が、実際に、幾何学的な点について我々が期待するような特質を完全に具えている何ものかを構成するのに役立つかどうかは疑わしい、と私は考えている(lend themselves to ~に役立つ)。ホワイトヘッドは、あらゆる事象は有限な広がりをもつが、しかしひとつの事象のひろがりには極小(値)は存在しないと仮定(前提と)した。私は、どれもある一定の極小値より小さくないところの事象の集合から(幾何学的な)点を構成する方法を見つけた。しかしホワイトヘッドの方法も私の方法も、ある一定の前提(仮定)にもとづいてのみ有効となる。そういう前提(仮定)がなければ、非常に小さな領域には至ることはできても、(幾何学の)点に至ることはできないであろう。(注:幾何学における点は面積をもっていない!)上の説明では「点」と言うよりむしろ「極小の領域」と言ったのはこのためである。しかし、私は、このことが何か重大な相違を生じさせるとは考えない。 |
Chapter 9 The External World, n.9I did not offer the above theory as the only theory which would explain the facts, or as necessarily true. I offered it as a theory which is consistent with all the known facts and as, so far, the only theory of which this can be said. In this respect it is on the same level as, for example, Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. All such theories go beyond what the facts prove and are acceptable, at least pro tem., if they solve puzzles and are not at any point incompatible with known facts. This is what I claim for the above theory, and it is as much as any general scientific theory ought to claim.Whitehead's method of constructing points as classes of events was a great help to me in arriving at the above theory. I think, however, that it is doubtful whether events do, in fact, lend themselves to the construction of anything having quite the characteristics that we expect of a geometrical point. Whitehead assumed that every event is of finite extent, but that there is no minimum to the extent of an event. I found a way of constructing a point out of classes of events none of which is smaller than an assigned minimum; but both his method and mine will only work on certain assumptions. Without these assumptions, although one can arrive at very small regions, one may be unable to arrive at points. It is for this reason that in the above account I have spoken of ‘minimal regions' rather than points. I do not think that this makes any important difference. |