バートランド・ラッセル オーウェルの『1984年』の徴候 n1 松下彰良 訳 - Symptoms of Orwell's 1984, by Bertrand Russell
1914年より前の世界を覚えている人たちのみが,これまでにどれほど多くのものが失われてしまったかをよく理解することができる。(1914年以前の)あの幸福な時代には,ロシアを除いたどこにおいても,パスポート(旅券)なしに旅行をすることができた。ロシア以外では,いかなる政治的意見も自由に発言することができた。新聞の検閲は,ロシア以外では,知られていなかった。白人は誰でも,世界中のどこへでも自由に移住することができた。ツァー体制化のロシアにおける自由の制限は,他の文明世界全体で恐怖の眼をもってみられ,ロシアの秘密警察の権力は,忌み嫌うべきこととみなされた。ロシアはまだ西側世界より悪いが、それは西側世界が自由を保持してきたからではなく,西側世界が自由を失ってきた一方で,ロシアはどのツァーも考え及ばなかったほど圧制の方向にさらに進んだからである。 |
George Orwell's 1984 is a gruesome book which duly made its readers shudder. It did not, however, have the effect which no doubt its author intended. People remarked that Orwell was very ill when he wrote it, and in fact died soon afterward. They rather enjoyed the frisson that its horrors gave them and thought: "Oh well, of course it will never be as bad as that except in Russia! Obviously the author enjoys gloom; and so do we, as long as we don't take it seriously." Having soothed themselves with these comfortable falsehoods, people proceeded on their way to make Orwell's prognostications come true. Bit by bit, and step by step, the world has been marching toward the realization of Orwell's nightmares; but because the march has been gradual, people have not realized how far it has taken them on this fatal road. Only those who remember the world before 1914 can adequately realize how much has already been lost. In that happy age, one could travel without a passport, everywhere except in Russia. One could freely express any political opinion, except in Russia. Press censorship was unknown, except in Russia. Any white man could emigrate freely to any part of the world. The limitations of freedom in Czarist Russia were regarded with horror throughout the rest of the civilized world, and the power of the Russian Secret Police was regarded as an abomination. Russia is still worse than the Western World, not because the Western World has preserved its liberties, but because, while it has been losing them, Russia has marched farther in the direction of tyranny than any Czar ever thought of going. |